论文标题:纳米金属/聚合物核壳复合粒子的制备与表征
Preparation and Characterization of Nanometal-Polymer Composite Particles with Core-Shell Structure
论文作者 黄琨
论文导师 向明；周德惠,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 材料学
论文单位 四川大学,点击次数 10,论文页数 103页File Size7551k
2003-04-23论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_40621287/ 纳米银粒子;乳液聚合;分散聚合;纳米铝粒子;核壳粒子;聚苯乙烯
Silver Nanoparticles;Emulsion Polymerization;Polystyrene;Dispersion Polymerization;Aluminium Nanoparticles;Core-Shell Particles
本文主要研究金属纳米粒子在反应体系中的均匀分散技术、聚合物纳米粒子的制备与表征技术以及纳米金属／聚合物核壳复合粒子的制备与表征技术，初步探讨纳米金属／聚合物核壳复合粒子的形成机理，为其进一步研究与应用提供必要的参考依据。 本文首先初步研究了利用氧化还原法制备纳米银粒子，分析了反应温度及反应物浓度对纳米银粒子粒径大小及分布的影响，在制备新鲜纳米银粒子用于纳米银／聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子制备方面进行了有益的探索；研究了纳米银粒子的表面修饰与稳定分散技术，借助于TEM、XPS、XRD、FTIR等分析手段表征了表面修饰前后纳米银粒子的微观结构；利用表面活性剂PVP与超声辐照，实现了纳米银粒子的分散、活化和稳定。同时，以水为反应介质，利用常规乳液聚合方法制备聚苯乙烯纳米粒子，对乳液样品进行了TEM分析与FTIR分析；研究纳米金属/聚合物核壳复合粒子的制备与表征了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、乳化剂浓度对聚苯乙烯纳米粒子粒径大小与分布的影响，并运用乳液聚合的相关理论解释上述影响规律，掌握了制备粒径均匀的聚苯乙烯纳米粒子的适宜条件。 根据纳米银粒子的特性，借助于表面处理、超声辐照以及乳化剂的选择，使其均匀分散在反应介质中，再与反应单体、引发剂等形成乳液聚合体系;采用乳液聚合方法、包裹聚合方式，制备出纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子，并借助于TEM、FTIR、 XPS、AFM、TG/DTA等分析手段对复合粒子微观结构进行了表征;结果表明:纳米银粒子表面被聚合物层包覆，复合粒子呈明显的核壳结构，实现了微观尺度上的复合;同时，初步探讨了纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子的形成机理，指出:通过控制反应条件，可以使形成纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子的聚合反应方式占主导地位，实现最大限度地包覆。 另外，在分散聚合制备纳米铝/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子方面进行了有益的探索:通过分散聚合制得粒径均匀的聚苯乙烯微球，研究了引发剂、单体和分散稳定剂的用量对聚苯乙烯微球粒径大小及分布的影响;借助于表面处理、超声辐照使纳米铝粒子均匀分散在乙醇介质中，再与分散稳定剂、单体、引发剂等形成分散聚合体系，通过分散聚合方法、包覆聚合方式制得纳米铝/聚苯乙烯核壳复合粒子，并对产物进行了SEM、TEM、FTIR、TG等分析。结果表明:纳米铝粒子表面被聚合物层包覆，实现了微观尺度上的复合。
In this paper , uniform dispersion technology of metal nanoparticles in reaction system, preparation and characterization technoloy of polymer nanoparticles and of nanometal-polymer composite particles with core-shell structure were mainly studied. The form mechanism of nanometal-polymer composite particles with core-shell structure was initially researched, so the basis were provided for its further research and application.Firstly, silver nanoparticles were prepared by the means of oxidation-reduction and the influence of reaction temperature and reagent concentration on size and dispersion of silver nanoparticles were analyzed. The surface modification and steady dispersion technology of silver nanoparticles were studied and their microstructure were characterized by TEM, XPS, XRD and FTIR. The dispersion and steadiness of silver nanoparticles were realized by use of surface activator PVP and ultrasonic radiation. Meanwhile, polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion polymerization in water media and the production were analyzed by the means of TEM and FTIR. The effect of concentration of initiator, monomer and emulsion on the size and dispersion of polystyrene nanoparticles were studied andthe effect laws were interpreted by relevant emulsion polymerization theories. The proper condition to prepare uniform polystyrene nanoparticles was mastered.According to the characteristic of silver nanoparticles, their uniform dispersion in reaction media was obtained by surface modification, ultrasonic radiation and the select of emulsion, and then emulsion polymerization system were formed by combination with reactive monomer and initiator. Nano-Ag/Polystyrene core-shell particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization and their microstructure were characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, AFM and TG/DTA. The experimental results showed that silver nanoparticles were coated by polymer and the composite particles had typical core/shell structure, and the microlevel combination was realized. Meantime, the form mechanism of nano-Ag/polystyrene core-shell particles was tentatively researched. The conclusion is that the perfect coating was able to obtained by the control of reaction condition.Further, the preparation technology of nano-Al/polystyrene core-shell particles by dispersion polymerization were studied. The effect of concentration of initiator, monomer and dispersion agent on the size and dispersion of polystyrene particles were studied. The uniform dispersion of aluminium nanoparticles in reaction media was obtained by surface modification and ultrasonic radiation and dispersion polymerization system were formed by combination with dispersion agent, monomer and initiator. Then, nano-Al/polystyrene Core/shell particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization and the production were analyzed by the means of SEM, TEM, FTIR and TG. The results showed that aluminium nanoparticles were coated by polymer and the microlevel combination was realized.